Manejo quirúrgico de la catarata en pacientes diabéticos: aspectos a considerar

Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic disease that exacerbates ophthalmologic conditions such as cataract, glaucoma, loss of visual focus, and diplopia. Approaches to the appropriate time to perform cataract surgery in diabetic patients have been a matter of debate among ophthalmologists.Objective: To present important aspects to consider for the surgical management of cataract in diabetic patients.Material and method: A bibliographic review was conducted based on documentary and content analysis. The information search was carried out in databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, using key terms such as “cataract - diabetes,” “diabetic retinopathy,” and “cataract surgery.” From the initial 797 results, inclusion criteria (Spanish and English languages, recent original articles, empirical research) and exclusion criteria (different languages, reviews, or complex methodologies) were applied, finally selecting 18 relevant articles for the review. Development: Diabetic patients face unique challenges in cataract surgery, highlighting the importance of rigorous metabolic control and ophthalmologic surveillance. Early intervention, supported by recent evidence, improves visual outcomes and reduces postoperative complications by timely addressing lens opacities.Conclusions: Patients with diabetes mellitus face specific risks that require careful assessment when planning surgery. Factors such as metabolic control, diabetic retinopathy, and macular edema should be considered. A multidisciplinary approach is key to determining the optimal timing of intervention, balancing the benefits of early surgery with potential risks, to maximize visual outcomes and minimize complications.