Los Factores Socioeconómicos en la Deserción Escolar de los Estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa Eloy Velázquez Cevallos

School dropouts are a global problem that affects millions of students, limiting their personal development and widening social inequality gaps. This phenomenon is especially critical in Latin America due to factors such as poverty, unemployment, and the lack of effective educational policies. In Ecuador, school dropouts persist despite government programs, mainly affecting rural and vulnerable communities. The research carried out at the Eloy Velázquez Cevallos Educational Unit, located in the La América parish, reveals that job insecurity, unemployment and economic instability are determining factors in dropping out of school. The analysis is based on theories such as Bourdieu's social reproduction and Becker's Human Capital, which explain how unfavorable socioeconomic conditions perpetuate educational inequalities. The results show that more than 90% of parents are in situations of informal employment or unemployment, and 71.43% of students have missed classes for economic reasons. Given this reality, it is recommended to implement intersectoral public policies, social support programs and scholarships, strengthening the link between the school and the community to minimize the impact of socioeconomic factors on school dropouts.