Light management in Perovskite thin-film Solar Cells using multiple Gratings

<p style="text-align: left;">In this study, we developed a new method based on uniform and graded gratings on the back surface of perovskite ultrathin film solar cells to enhance light absorption. The proposed gratings were designed in two configurations including penetrating the active layer and placing on it. These structures increase absorption by scattering and diffracting light and enlarging the optical path of photons. Simulations based on the finite element method showed that graded gratings can significantly enhance the absorption in the visible and infrared regions. The maximum current density and efficiency obtained from dense gratings placed on the back surface of the active layer were 27.59 and 25.52% mA/cm²,&nbsp; conventional PSCs that suffer from reduced efficiency under angled light incidence, our cell with graded gratings maintains high light absorption even at angles up to 45 degrees.