Lack of Association Between Sodium Intake and Cytokine Levels

Henrik Wistrand,1,2 Niina E Kaartinen,3 Pekka Jousilahti,3 Sirpa Jalkanen,4– 6 Marko Salmi,4– 6 Teemu Niiranen,2,3 Ville Lauri Langén2,7 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; 2Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; 3Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; 4MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; 5Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; 6InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; 7Department of Geriatric Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, FinlandCorrespondence: Henrik Wistrand, Email [email protected]: The complex pathogenesis of hypertension, potentially involving inflammatory pathways, remains elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and inflammatory cytokines alongside C-reactive protein (CRP) in a nationwide Finnish sample.Materials and methods: 265 participants from the FINRISK 2002 study were included in the analyses. Multivariable-adjusted associations of 24-hour urinary sodium with circulating CRP and 26 cytokines were examined.Results: 24-hour urinary sodium was not significantly associated with any of the cytokines or CRP (p ≥ 0.02 for all, significance at < 0.001). Adjustments for age, sex, serum creatinine concentration, and alcohol intake did not alter these results.Conclusion: This cross-sectional study revealed no associations between 24-hour urinary sodium and cytokine or CRP levels. This does not suggest reducing salt intake would be unbeneficial in hypertension. Additional research is required to clarify the mechanisms through which salt may induce hypertension. Assessing sodium intake in epidemiological studies is also challenging.Keywords: inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein, urinary sodium concentration, salt intake