Insect Aggregation in Gromphadorhina portentosa

Aggregation behavior in insects is largely mediated by olfactory cues, influencing key behaviors such as foraging, mating, and predator avoidance. This study aims to determine whether pregnancy affects social grouping preferences. Using a series of choice tests, we will evaluate how pregnant and non-pregnant females respond to olfactory signals from dominant (alpha) and subordinate (beta) males, as well as from conspecific females of varying reproductive status. A four-way discrimination test will further assess the hierarchical significance of these cues in aggregation decisions. We hypothesize that non-pregnant females will exhibit a stronger preference for alpha males, whereas pregnant females may prioritize association with other pregnant females or exhibit avoidance behavior to minimize disturbances during gestation. This research contributes to a broader understanding of the relationship between reproductive status and social behavior in insects, particularly in species where olfaction dominates communication.