Framing Masculinity: How Film and Television Shape Male Identity and Behavior

Media plays a critical role in shaping perceptions of masculinity, influencing how men view themselves and behave in society. This study explores how film and television reinforce or challenge traditional ideas of masculinity, particularly in relation to aggression, emotional suppression, and authority. Many films depict men as stoic, physically imposing, and resistant to authority, which can shape real-world attitudes and behaviors. Cool Hand Luke (1967) exemplifies this through its rebellious protagonist, whose defiance and endurance make him a symbol of resilience, while the prison guards reflect oppressive masculinity. We witnessed the mirroring of these power dynamics, particularly hypermasculine and dominant behaviors, in the Stanford Prison Experiment (1971). Beyond authority and aggression, media also influences body image and self-worth. The popularity of muscular male leads in action films and superhero franchises has contributed to unrealistic physical expectations, leading some men to pursue extreme fitness regimens or struggle with body dissatisfaction. Meanwhile, romanticized portrayals of men as dominant and emotionally distant reinforce outdated relationship norms, making vulnerability seem like weakness. This research will analyze how classic and contemporary films, from High Plains Drifter (1973) to Barbie (2023), reflect changing notions of masculinity. By comparing traditional archetypes with modern deconstructions, this study explores how media shapes and reflects evolving male identities, shedding light on its broader social impact