The evolution of artificial lung ventilation

Artificial lung ventilation (ALV) is an essential medical intervention for patients experiencing acute respiratory failure, enabling them to maintain adequate oxygen levels and reducing stress on their breathing muscles.The evolution of ALV exemplifies ongoing advancements in bioengineering and medicine, driven by the desire to enhance patient care and well-being.From rudimentary and cumbersome devices, modern ALV machines have evolved into sophisticated systems capable of personalized and precise respiratory support.This progress is not only a testament to technological innovation but also reflects a deepening understanding of lung function, respiratory diseases, and the physiological effects of mechanical ventilation.Key milestones in medical history, such as polio epidemics, wartime injuries, and the emergence of resuscitation medicine, have directly influenced the development and refinement of ALV technologies.By examining the historical context and key stages of ALV evolution, we can better appreciate current achievements and identify promising avenues for future research in this critical field [1].Initial attempts to create mechanical ventilation devices were associated with the development of devices operating on the principle of negative pressure.The most famous example is the -iron lung device, which appeared in the early 20th century [2].This device created negative pressure around the patient's chest, simulating the natural process of inhalation.-Iron lungs were widely used during the polio epidemic to support the breathing of patients with paralysis of the respiratory muscles.Despite their effectiveness, these devices had a number of significant drawbacks, such as bulkiness, discomfort for the patient, and limited access to the body for medical procedures.In addition to the basic principle of creating negative pressure, the design of artificial lung ventilation devices (ALVs), known as -iron lungs, evolved, offering different models