Exploring the Correlation between Climate Change and Influenza Activity in the Northeast United States, 2003-2023

The influenza virus is influenced by a myriad of complex interactions with human and environmental factors, with changing climate patterns having significant effects on the health status of a population. This study investigates the correlation between climate change and influenza activity in the northeast United States from 2003 to 2023, providing insight and understanding into the interaction between the two variables. The anthropogenic factors that have contributed to climate change are recognized, and circulating seasonal and avian influenza viruses are discussed within the context of climate change. The investigation of the correlation between climate change and influenza activity across this region relies on undertaking a Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis between climate variables and influenza case-counts, as well as analyzing longitudinal, retrospective climatic time series data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association. Influenza data, from the 20-year timespan, was collected from state public health departments across the northeast United States, as well as from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Flu View site. This data was analyzed against climate factors to determine if a correlation exists. A correlation (Pearson’s r = .327, p = 0.05) between climate change and influenza activity was found for this region. Furthermore, the One Health approach was used as a framework to promote further research and interdisciplinary collaboration and to encourage greater influenza surveillance and public health policies aimed at establishing a more climate-resilient region.