El principio de la proporcionalidad en el proceso administrativo sancionador a los docentes en el sector educativo ecuatoriano: Análisis de los casos de acoso sexual

This article examines the application of the principle of proportionality in administrative sanctioning processes against teachers who have committed sexual harassment infractions in the Ecuadorian educational sector. Based on the normative and comparative analysis, insufficiencies are identified in the implementation of this principle, which affects due process and justice in the sanctions imposed. The research uses a qualitative and analytical approach, evaluating national legislation, such as the Organic Law of Intercultural Education (LOEI) and its regulations, relevant rulings of the Constitutional Court of Ecuador, and international frameworks such as the Convention of Belém do Pará. The results show inconsistencies in the proportionality of the sanctions applied, with cases in which these are disproportionate in relation to the seriousness of the infractions. It is concluded that it is necessary to reform adversarial procedures from a restorative justice perspective, promoting more effective protocols for the prevention and punishment of sexual harassment. It is proposed that educational institutions adopt awareness campaigns and clear protocols for the prevention of harassment, guaranteeing adequate application of the principle of proportionality in conflict resolution.