Effects of celiac disease on different organ systems

Introduction and Objective: Celiac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by exposure to gluten, which is found in cereals such as wheat, rye, barley and malt. This condition damages the mucosa of the small intestine, resulting in gastrointestinal symptoms and negatively affecting systems such as bone, reproductive, cardiovascular, mental and neurological health. This study aims to review the effects of celiac disease on different organ systems. Materials and Methods: The literature review was carried out using the Google Scholar, Scielo and PubMed databases. In the search for articles, the following descriptors were used: celiac disease, gluten-induced enteropathy, gluten-free diet. Articles were selected that met the following limits: ten years of publication, considering studies with adults over 18 years of age, in the languages: Portuguese, Spanish and English. The review was carried out between August 2023 and February 2024. Results and discussion: 28 international and five national and regarding the type of study, 10 were review and 18 cohorts, observational and longitudinal studies. Studies show the implications of CD in different systems, highlighting that in addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, we can observe the presence of extraintestinal symptoms, and regarding treatment with adherence to a gluten-free diet, we realize the psychological and social challenges faced by celiac patients. Conclusion: A Celiac disease has consequences on all organic systems and this highlights the appropriate management of the disease to prevent additional complications and improve patients' quality of life.