Dynamical behavior of an eco-epidemiological model incorporating Holling type-II functional response with prey refuge and constant prey harvesting

In the present investigation, we examine the consequences of a predator-prey model that includes a constant harvesting technique in a population of susceptible prey. A particular kind of flipping functional approach is present in our proposed prey-predator system; in this response, the predator consumes on susceptible and sick prey, however it shifts its attention to a new sort of prey when its supply of that kind of prey decreases. By employing boundedness, positivity, equilibrium analysis and stability analysis, the essential mathematical characteristics of the model are explored. Attention is directed on the prey refuge in further explorations of the Hopf bifurcation close to the coexistence equilibrium point. This paper's unique contribution is that it examines the dynamics of predator-prey systems from an eco-epidemiological perspective while simultaneously considering the impacts of prey refuge and constant-rate harvesting. To ascertain the critical values of the bifurcation parameters, if present, and to validate the primary findings, numerical simulations are executed. Our numerical simulations reveal that the presence of prey refuge increases the severity of sickness, which is how the three-species eco-epidemiological system creates chaos. However, we find that both the prey refuge and harvesting can manage the resulting chaotic dynamics.