Designing and Manufacturing a New Volleyball and Comparison of Kinetic Components with Other Volleyballs

Sports equipment is widely available in the international market. The market's focus is on the design of sports equipment to prevent injury, and all equipment must be designed to enable performance without causing injury. The purpose of this study is to design and manufacture a new volleyball and comparison of kinetic components with other volleyballs. The present study is applied and developmental type. We used four full-size Federation International Volleyball (FIVB), official volleyballs (V200W MIKASA made in Japan, FOX volleyball, model Spain, made in the United States, BETA, and new volleyballs made in Iran) to determine the biomechanical components, such as stiffness and Ground Reaction Force (GRF) on that ball. Ground reaction force variables and stiffness of all samples were recorded by a force plate device (sampling rate: 1000 Hz) and Shore C (Newton’s per meter N/m), respectively. There was a significant difference in all groups between stiffness (P<0.001), vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) (P<0.001), and impulse (P=0.012), also the LSD Post Hoc test showed that stiffness, vGRF, and impulse in new volleyball and MIKASA volleyball were less than BETA and FOX volleyballs. The results indicate that the biomechanical components of the new volleyball with MIKASA were similar. Therefore, the new volleyball design appears to be suitable for an official competition. Nonetheless, more clinical studies are needed to evaluate the kinetic and kinematic parameters of using new volleyball.