Common risk factors for periodontal and cardiovascular diseases in patients with periodontitis, Riobamba, Ecuador

Introduction: The relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases, with common risk factors, has been documented and supported by biological mechanisms. It is not yet known whether the relationship between these two diseases is direct or indirect. Objective: To analyze the relationship between risk factors common to periodontal and cardiovascular diseases in patients diagnosed with periodontitis. Material and Methods: Exploratory, descriptive and correlational study. The universe was 1,485 patients who attended the Dentistry consultation at clinics in Riobamba, Ecuador, between January 2022 and January 2024. The sample consisted of 681 patients diagnosed with periodontitis. Risk factors for periodontal and cardiovascular disease were used to establish the relationship between both diseases. The statistical representativeness of each of the risks was evaluated. Results: The prevalence of periodontitis was higher in patients aged 30 to 39 years (30,54%) and there was a lower presence in the 20 to 29 age group (17,47%). The risk factors identified in the incidence of periodontal disease are smoking and poor oral hygiene. Patients over 49 years of age, men, smokers, and those who suffer from obesity and chronic diseases are at greater risk of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: The study confirms a significant association between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases, linked to shared bacterial and inflammatory factors. Age, smoking habit, and chronic diseases are the common risk factors, with people over 49 years of age being the most vulnerable. Integrating preventive dental and medical strategies aimed at reducing its impact on vulnerable populations is recommended.