Correlational Analysis of Resistant Hypertension with Diabetes Mellitus, Chronic Kidney Disease, and the Interplay of Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphorus

Xin-Di Feng,1,&ast; Shao-Feng Wang,2,&ast; Si-Yu Qiao,1 Jia-Ying Huang,3 Zi-Lin Ma,1 Duan Zhou,1 Jing-Yi Tang,3 Yi-Hong Wei1 1Department of Cardiovascular, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chuansha Huaxia Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Industry-university Cooperative Research Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jing-Yi Tang, Department of Industry-university cooperative research Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13601815342, Email [email protected] Yi-Hong Wei, Department of Cardiovascular, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725, Wanping South Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13801686228, Email [email protected]: To analyze the relationship between resistant hypertension (RH) and hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus.Methods: A total of 475 patients with hypertension admitted to Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to December 2023 were divided into hypertension group (HT group) and resistant hypertension group (RH group). We compared the differences between these two groups, and analyzed the influencing factors of RH, as well as the correlation between RH and the course of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and levels of sodium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus.Results: Compared with HT group, RH group had a significantly higher blood pressure (P < 0.05), longer duration of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease (P < 0.01) and a higher proportion of combined chronic kidney disease (P = 0.006). The duration of hypertension, serum sodium ion concentration (≥ 142.00 mmol/L), calcium ion concentration (2.19 to < 2.30 mmol/L), and 24h urinary phosphorus ion level were independent influencing factors of RH (P < 0.05).Conclusion: For hypertension patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease, the risk of RH is significantly higher. The risk of RH may be lower in patients with blood sodium < 142.00 mmol/L, blood calcium > 2.29 mmol/L, 24h urine sodium and magnesium ions of 116.52 and 2.69 mmol, respectively, and higher 24h urine phosphorus ions.Keywords: resistant hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, influence factor, correlation analysis