Association of PPARG genotypes with biochemical markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus among a Nigerian population

Background: This study investigated the role of PPARG genetic variants in type 2 diabetes mellitus complications among individuals in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The focus was on understanding how these genetic variants may influence biochemical markers and, consequently, the risk of complications. Methods: We recruited 74 diabetic patients and 20 controls from a university teaching hospital. Ten milliliters of whole blood samples were collected by venipuncture and divided into two 5-milliliter aliquots. One aliquot was placed in an EDTA bottle, and the other in a fluoride oxalate bottle, before centrifugation to obtain plasma. PPARG genotyping and biochemical marker analyses, including Cystatin C, ALT, CK-MB, and IL-10, were performed. Results: Significant differences in PPARG genotype distribution were observed, with the GG genotype being more common in diabetic individuals. Diabetic subjects showed elevated Cystatin C, ALT, and CK-MB levels, along with reduced IL-10, particularly among females. PPARG genotypes were associated with several biochemical markers, notably Cystatin C (p = 0.002), ALT (p = 0.030), and FBS (p = 0.017). Conclusion: These findings highlight a complex relationship between PPARG genotypes and the pathophysiology of diabetes in the Nigerian population, emphasizing the potential for personalized medicine approaches in type 2 diabetes mellitus management.