Acoustic complexity variables used in adult auditory training: a scoping review

Auditory training is a crucial component of aural rehabilitation for individuals with hearing loss, aiming to enhance speech perception and device satisfaction. The effectiveness of such training is influenced by various acoustic complexity variables that determine task difficulty. This scoping review aims to compile the acoustic complexity variables used in adult auditory training programs and examine effectiveness trends in programs that incorporate specific acoustic complexities. Methodology: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across four databases using keywords such as ‘hearing loss,’ ‘auditory training,’ ‘hearing aids,’ ‘cochlear implants,’ ‘perceptual learning,’ ‘aural rehabilitation,’ ‘auditory rehabilitation,’ and ‘adults,’ yielding 220 articles, of which 29 met the inclusion criteria. Data was extracted and analysed using descriptive and thematic analysis, following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework. Results: The review identified 17 acoustic complexity categories in auditory training. All 29 studies used recorded sounds, while only 6.9% included both recorded and live sounds. Key variables linked to 100% positive outcomes were: Complexity of Utterance (Simple), Learning Style (Passive), Distance (Close), Segmental (Little or No Emphasis), and Stimulus Context (Out of Context). On the other hand, Distance and Sound Origin (Live) were linked to no significant differences in outcomes in 27% and 50% of studies, respectively. Conclusion: Acoustic complexity variables play a vital role in auditory training outcomes. Future research should explore a progression from least to most complex variables, enabling individuals with hearing loss to improve their auditory skills progressively, ultimately enhancing real-world speech perception and communication abilities.