Особливості призначення та проведення молекулярно-генетичної експертизи під час розслідування насильницького зникнення людини

The article deals with the issues of organization of interaction of investigators with specialists and experts of the subjects of expert activity of Ukraine at the initial and subsequent stages of investigation of enforced disappearance of a person. The author identifies the relevance of the issue of pre-trial investigations in criminal proceedings which are registered in the Unified Register of Pre-trial Investigations on the grounds of criminal offenses which are punishable under Article 146-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The author indicates the number of criminal proceedings of this category that are being conducted by various pre-trial investigation bodies, the number of proceedings that have been sent to court with an indictment, and the cases considered by national courts. The author outlines important aspects of interaction between pre-trial investigation bodies and specialists and experts, as well as the types and procedure of such interaction. The author analyzes the legislative framework for interaction of pre-trial investigation bodies with specialists and subjects of expert activity in Ukraine. The cases of the need to appoint and conduct a forensic biological examination in the expert specialty 9.5 “Molecular genetic research” are listed. Typical investigative situations during the investigation of enforced disappearance are identified. The list of traces of biological origin that can be provided for expert examination is given. Cases that negatively affect the conduct of genetic and molecular expertise related to improper packaging of biological material are noted. The close relatives of direct kinship from whom it is advisable to take biological material to establish a DNA profile are listed. In addition, the article identifies the things and items that should be provided for expert examination in the absence of close relatives or their inability to come to collect biological material. The author lists the issues that are resolved in the course of genetic and molecular examinations in criminal proceedings related to enforced disappearance. At the same time, attention is focused on the state registration of genomic information, as well as cases of mandatory state registration of genomic information.