Спільна безпекова політика та національна безпека в країнах Європейського Союзу: досвід та правове регулювання

The scientific article is dedicated to the study of the common security policy and national security in the countries of the European Union, their experience and legal regulation. At the beginning of the study, the concept of national security was analyzed from the scientific side and its consolidation in the regulatory legal acts of Ukraine, primarily the Law on National Security of Ukraine. It was determined that national security is a key condition for the stability and development of each individual state, and is also an important indicator of its ability to withstand challenges and threats from other states. At the same time, it is emphasized that national security encompasses not only military component, but also the political, economic, informational and social ones. Three main approaches to understanding the concept of national security are analyzed. It is emphasized that an effective national security system is based on a clear distribution of powers among state institutions and an effective mechanism of interagency coordination. Further in the article the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) are considered. The relevant policy areas of the European Union establish the algorithms of actions of the member states in the event of a threat to the national security of a certain state. The impact of the Maastricht and Lisbon Treaties on the formation of a modern security system for the member states of the European Union, as well as the decision-making mechanisms of the CSDP and CSDP, was studied. An important aspect is the adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the standards of the European Union in the context of European integration. The article analyzes the unique experience of such countries as Germany, France and Poland in ensuring national security, taking into account the experience of the division of powers between authorities, mechanisms of parliamentary and governmental control and coordination of actions between institutions. Summing up the results of the study, it is proposed to improve the national security system of Ukraine by introducing non-state institutions for the protection of national security, to clearly define the list of institutions responsible for national security, their powers and relationships with other institutions.