Перспективи використання дронів і супутникових даних у криміналістиці

The article discusses innovative approaches to the use of drones and satellite data in forensic science, which are becoming an integral part of the fight against crime and law enforcement challenges. The author analyses the possibilities of these technologies to improve the efficiency of investigative actions. In particular, the article considers the use of drones for collecting evidence, monitoring territories, creating 3D models of crime scenes, searching for missing persons and documenting environmental offences. Such capabilities greatly simplify the work of investigators, reducing the time required to obtain important information and increasing the accuracy of analysis. Attention is focused on the versatility of satellite data, which can analyse landscape changes, monitor cross-border crime and provide evidence for investigations in conflict zones. They also contribute to tracking illegal migration flows and solving large-scale environmental crimes that cannot be detected by conventional surveillance methods. The article also considers the possibilities of using drones for tactical support of task forces and law enforcement security during special operations. For example, drones can serve as a remote surveillance tool, reducing the risks to the lives of investigators and special forces. The importance of thermal imaging monitoring is also highlighted, which allows for the detection of suspects or missing persons in hard-to-reach places, even at night. Particular attention is paid to the international experience of implementing these technologies. Examples from the United States, the EU, Israel and China are considered, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of drones and satellite systems in law enforcement. At the same time, the author emphasises the challenges faced by Ukraine in integrating these innovations. The key problems include deficiencies in the regulatory framework, lack of necessary technical equipment, and a shortage of specialists capable of working with the latest technologies. The authors explore the potential for integrating drones and satellite data with automated AI-based analysis systems. Such integration can significantly increase the efficiency of investigations, ensure transparency of law enforcement actions and reduce response times to crimes. In addition, the use of artificial intelligence allows for the automatic detection of patterns in large amounts of data, which contributes to the faster resolution of complex criminal cases. The article concludes with recommendations for adapting international experience and improving forensic processes in Ukraine, which will help to increase public trust in law enforcement agencies.