Показники ефективності перспективного оцінювання систем Інтернету речей

Rapid development and integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into various domains of human activity underscores the growing importance of evaluating the operational efficiency of such systems. Modern smart environments, industrial auto-mation platforms, and intelligent infrastructures rely heavily on networks of interconnected devices and sensors that generate, exchange, and process large volumes of data. Given the wide applicability of IoT and the continuous growth in the number of connected devices, ensuring their efficiency and reliability becomes critically important. The relevance of this research is driven by the need to define comprehensive, technically grounded, and practically applicable performance indicators that can guide the design, deployment, and optimization of IoT systems.This study addresses the problem of identifying, systematizing, and structuring key performance indicators for IoT sys-tems to ensure their suitability for specific use cases. Current challenges include balancing throughput, energy efficiency, latency, scalability, reliability, and data accuracy. Without a structured evaluation framework, it becomes difficult to ensure that IoT systems comply with functional and quality-of-service requirements, particularly in critical domains such as healthcare, infrastructure, and smart homes.The aim of this research is to formalize and generalize the key technical and operational metrics that determine the efficiency of IoT systems. These include reliability, latency, energy consumption, scalability, security, and data quality. A struc-tured model of performance evaluation is proposed, incorporating typical threshold values, measurement units, and relevant international standards. Additionally, the study emphasizes the use of formalized modeling tools—such as cognitive maps and E-net models—for enhanced analysis and decision-making in distributed IoT environments.The methodology combines the analysis of international standards, scientific literature, and practical implementations in real-world scenarios. A structured classification of performance indicators is presented, supported by a practical example of a smart home system. Moreover, a methodical algorithm is proposed for the systematic assessment of IoT performance, allowing stakeholders to compare actual system characteristics against standard benchmarks.The results of this study show that the most impactful indicators for IoT efficiency include reliability, latency, energy con-sumption, and data accuracy. These metrics significantly influence system responsiveness, service continuity, and data integrity. The proposed model and algorithm can be used as a methodological basis for technical audits, scenario-based planning, and the development of adaptive and scalable IoT ecosystems. The findings contribute to both the scientific understanding and the practical evaluation of efficiency in IoT systems and may serve as a foundation for future research and development in this field.