Бактерії роду Burkholderia у рослинництві: небезпека чи користь?

Bacteria of the genus Burkholderia are one of the most heterogeneous genera, combining species pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants with saprotrophic inhabitants of soil and water ecosystems. Even more, the association of heterogeneous pathogens can be traced within individual species of the genus Burkholderia. Representatives of this particular taxon are best suited for demonstrating the phenomenon of polybiotrophy, the ability of representatives of one species to cause damage to macroorganisms of different kingdoms. The number of publications in international databases concerning representatives of the genus Burkholderia has been increasing over the past two decades, and such publications concern both pathogenic Burkholderia and representatives of the genus with beneficial properties for humans. Attempts to use representatives of the genus Burkholderia as biological agents to control pests and pathogens in crop production and the introduction of these prokaryotes into agrocenoses attract special attention. The taxonomic status of individual representatives of this genus still causes debate in the scientific community. The same species can include strains pathogenic for humans, plants, and plant growthstimulating strains, as is the case with Burkholderia gladioli, in the absence of clear criteria for distinguishing between pathogenic and beneficial burkholderia. The purpose of the presented study is to analyze and generalize data on plantassociated representatives of the heterogeneous genus Burkholderia. It has been established that phytopathogenic bacteria of the genus Burkholderia are dangerous pathogens that are capable of polybiotrophy. Representatives of the Burkholderia gladioli and Burkholderia cepacia can suppress other pathogens, but retain the ability to infect plants and humans under favorable conditions. Global warming leads to the spread of pathogens of the genus Burkholderia to regions with a temperate climate. Phytopathogens of this genus have a significant potential for spreading on the territory of Ukraine. In particular, in 2022, B. glumae was detected on rice seeds and plants for the first time in Odesa region. Taking into account the rising temperature in Ukraine, we can confidently predict an increase in the frequency of occurrence and harmfulness of rice bacteriosis in our country in the coming years. Despite the fact that a significant number of species of the genus Burkholderia are pathogens and harm both agriculture and human health, some representatives of this genus are characterized by the ability to suppress phytopathogens and stimulate plant growth and are useful for crop production. It is often proposed to include unidentifiable species of Burkholderia and representatives of pathogenic species, for example, Burkholderia gladioli, in the composition of biological preparations. The introduction of representatives of this genus into the agrocenoses of Ukraine without establishing clear criteria for distinguishing pathogenic and saprotrophic strains poses a potential threat not only to crop production, but also to the health of the population of Ukraine.