ВОКАТИВ ЯК ІНДИКАТОР ПОЗИТИВНОЇ ВВІЧЛИВОСТІ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ПОЛЬСЬКОЇ ТА УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВ)

The article analyses the pragmatic characteristics of the vocative in terms of positive politeness in Polish and Ukrainian communicative cultures. Sharing the opinion of the majority of researchers that the vocative case expresses the meaning of attracting and maintaining attention, the author emphasises the ability of the speaker to control the communicative process through the vocative, implementing a pragmatic strategy of influencing the intellectual, volitional and emotional spheres of the addressee. The use of the vocative is substantiated as a result of the implementation of positive politeness strategies and communicative and pragmatic presuppositions. It is proved that the vocative case is a special means of representing the addressee: demonstrating respect, goodwill, sincerity, emotionality and intimacy. The author emphasises that the deminitive vocative modifies the interlocutors' communication relations towards more effective communication by demonstrating a positive and friendly attitude towards the addressee. The speaker cares about psychological closeness with the recipient, who, feeling that the addressee respects him or her, is open to dialogue, willing to cooperate and understand. The vocative case is a means of including the addressee in the speaker's personal sphere. It is emphasised that there is a clear correlation between the use of the vocative case and addressing the same person. The vocative correlates with the ability to ‘control’ the communicative process, which characterises its use as a pragmatic strategy of influencing the intellectual, volitional and emotional spheres of the addressee, which consists in reducing the distance. The communicative and pragmatic strategy of the vocative case is implemented in the speaker's planning of their behaviour aimed at the addressee's personality by indicating his/her social role and representing the relationship between interactants. The vocative case, expressing the meaning of attracting and maintaining attention as primary categorical features, stands out among other pragmemes of politeness. The meaning of vocalisational pragmemes is enhanced by intensifiers (attributive extenders, possessive pronouns, suffixes, repetition, inversion, etc.)