Оновлення еліт повоєнного часу: світовий досвід та українські реалії

The article is devoted to analyzing the mechanisms of political elite renewal in the post-war period, focusing on the examples of European countries after World War II and modern Ukraine. It examines the impact of war on the transformation of the political class, identifies key factors that contribute to elite change, and explores the main challenges of this process.  The article highlights several models of political elite renewal: 1. Radical transformation ("shock therapy") – a fundamental reform of the state apparatus (as in post-war Germany). 2. Appointment of new managers through bureaucratic means – elite renewal through state reforms and new political structures (as in France). 3. Democratic rotation through elections – a gradual change of political leaders through electoral mechanisms (as in the United Kingdom). 4. External influence – the role of international partners in supporting reforms and democratic changes (e.g., the Marshall Plan for European countries).  Special attention is given to the process of elite renewal in Ukraine. The main challenges identified include the dependence of the political class on oligarchic groups, low public trust in parties and electoral processes, the influence of the military elite on the post-war political landscape, media monopolization and issues of press freedom, as well as corruption and the inefficiency of anti-corruption policies.  The author emphasizes that elections are a key mechanism for political elite renewal; however, their effectiveness depends on the transparency of the electoral process, electoral law reform, and the creation of equal conditions for political competition. The introduction of a proportional electoral system with open lists could contribute to the formation of a more responsible political class.  The conclusions stress that the renewal of political elites in Ukraine requires comprehensive reforms, including strengthening democratic institutions, combating corruption, and ensuring fair political representation. Only through systemic changes can an effective, accountable, and socially oriented political elite be formed.