Глобальні зміни клімату: економічні наслідки та механізм адаптації для України

The article analyzes the impact of global climate change on the socio-economic development of Ukraine in the context of contemporary challenges, including the consequences of military actions. The study investigates the key factors of climate change, such as the increase in average annual temperatures, alterations in precipitation patterns, and the rising frequency of extreme weather events. These factors are examined for their influence on critical economic sectors: agriculture, energy, water resources, infrastructure, forestry, and transportation. The research highlights the economic losses caused by environmental degradation, reduced productivity of natural resources, and the increasing costs of infrastructure restoration. Ukraine’s vulnerability is amplified by its geographical position, reliance on climate-sensitive sectors, and the cumulative effect of climate change and armed conflict. The degradation of agricultural land, the reduction of water resources, and the damage to critical infrastructure are key challenges identified in the study. Particular attention is given to the analysis of adaptation mechanisms aimed at enhancing Ukraine's economic resilience to climate risks. This includes the modernization of production processes, implementation of innovative technologies, improvement of water resource management, and biodiversity conservation. The study also addresses the role of renewable energy sources in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing energy security. Additionally, the article explores the cumulative effect of climate change exacerbated by the impacts of war, underlining the importance of adaptive governance and cross-sectoral cooperation. The authors discuss the need for comprehensive climate policies that integrate environmental considerations into economic planning, disaster risk reduction, and sustainable development strategies. Special focus is placed on community-level adaptation practices, public awareness, and the role of international cooperation in addressing climate-related challenges.