АНАЛІЗ УТВОРЕННЯ НЕВОГНЕПАЛЬНИХ ПЕРЕЛОМІВ НИЖНЬОЇ ЩЕЛЕПИ (ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ)

The article presents the results of clinical, retrospective and experimental studies of the formation of mandibular fractures of non-dunshot origin depending on the direction and angle of impact, the peculiarities of destruction of its surface during closing and opening of the jaw. The aim of the study. To analyze the data of scientific literature on the problem of the formation of non-gunshot fractures of the mandible. Materials and methods. The bibliosemantic method was used to analyze the results of previous research based on literature sources and electronic databases: Pubmed, Wiley, Research Gate and National Repository of academic texts. Results. As a result of the study, a clear pattern was established: fractures were formed either in the area of impact to the mandible or in the area adjacent to the impact site; depending on the impact site, the number of fractures that occurred as a result of impact varied; in no case did impact to the same area cause exactly the same set of fractures, and the location of fractures that occurred at points other than the impact site also varied significantly. Conclusions. Distinct patterns of fracture were identified: fractures emerged either where the mandible was struck or in adjacent regions; the number of fractures varied based on the point of impact; no two impacts to the same area resulted in an identical fracture pattern, and variations were consistently noted in fractures located away from the impact site. The structural geometry of the mandible indicates that fractures typically occur in biomechanically vulnerable areas, notably around the necks of the articular processes, the corners, and the mental foramina. When the jaws are closed, compression fractures were noted on the outer surface, while tensile fractures formed on the inner surface, where primary fractures arise and a fracture zone develops at the contact point; when the jaws are opened, indirect fractures were observed on the opposite side.