24-годинний метаболічний профіль сечі: техніка та процедура збору, референтні значення

Urolithiasis is one of the leading urological diseases in terms of prevalence, frequency of requests for medical care, and hospitalization. Prevalence rates of urolithiasis range from 1 to 20%. In countries with a high standard of living, such as Sweden, Canada, or the United States, the prevalence of urolithiasis exceeds 10%. All patients with at least one documented case of kidney stone formation should be informed about the importance of 24-hour urinalysis, traditionally called salt transport in Ukraine. The European Association of Urology (EAU) and the American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines for urolithiasis mention the following tests for a complete assessment of metabolic status: tests of serum creatinine, uric acid (UA), calcium, sodium, potassium, C-reactive protein, chloride, intact parathyroid hormone, and 24-hour urinalysis which includes calcium, oxalate, citrate, UA, phosphate, sulfate, sodium, potassium, cystine, magnesium, and pH. It is important to emphasize proper collection technique to patients. During urine collection, the patient should follow his or her usual fluid and dietary regimen. It is recommended that the test be performed in a laboratory that performs numerous salt transport tests on a regular basis, as quality control measures will usually be better and the time from sample collection to complete results will be shorter. Urine crystallization is a complex process. The degree of supersaturation of the urine with certain substances is an important indicator for assessing the risk of stone formation, but the crystallization process depends not only on the concentration of stone forming ions, but also on the amount of chelating agents. The 24-hour urine metabolic profile (salt transport) is an integral part of the examination of a patient with urolithiasis and crystalluria, which provides information on the excretion of certain substances, which allows to develop a personalized program of dietary measures and metaphylaxis, and prevent the development of cardio-reno-metabolic complications.