Вплив строків збирання на насіннєву продуктивність та посівні якості насіння гірчиці

Purpose. To establish the patterns of the yield and seed quality formation in mustard as affected by harvest time, varietal characteristics, and the sum of active temperatures in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field method: accounting method for seed yield; laboratory methods: determining seed vigour, germination, and the 1000-kernel weight; analytical method: analysis of weather conditions; dispersion methods: evaluation of the reliability of the obtained experimental data. Results. Mustard seed yield depended on both varietal characteristics and harvest time. At later harvest times seed yield was higher. Significantly higher seed yields were obtained for all harvest times in the varieties ‘Pidpecheretska’, ‘Oslava’, and ‘Ariadna’, while significantly lower yields were recorded in the varieties ‘Tsarivna Pivnochi’ and 'Etalon'. It was found that the factor “harvest time” had the greatest impact on seed yield formation, accounting for 56.7%, while the factor “variety” had a smaller impact, accounting for 39.1%. Similar to the seed yield, seed quality (seed vigour and germination) depended on the variety and harvest time. Significantly lower seed vigour and germination were recorded for all harvest times in the variety ‘Tsarivna Pivnochi’. At the earliest harvest time, seed vigour was 89%, and germination was 90%. When harvested 40 days after the end of flowering, these indicators increased by 5%. The seed quality of other varieties was significantly higher than that of ‘Tsarivna Pivnochi’. The factor "variety" had the greatest impact on mustard seed quality, accounting for 70.3% of seed vigour and 66.2% of germination. Seed quality depended on the sum of active temperatures: seed vigour and germination increased along with the sum of active temperatures. Conclusions. Mustard seed yield and quality depended on varietal characteristics and harvest time. The highest yield for all varieties was obtained when harvested 40 days after the end of flowering, ranging from 1.11 to 1.25 t/ha depending on the variety, while the lowest yield was obtained at the earliest harvest time.