Understanding the Challenges and Needs of Postpartum Soldiers in Fitness Training

Postpartum females are consistently faced with unique challenges within the military setting. Prior studies have illustrated increased risks of musculoskeletal injury and psychological distress in military postpartum females due to insufficient recovery time and inconsistent unit support (Acton, 2021; Armitage et al. 2014; Darroch et al., 2023). The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of Army postpartum females, aged 18-45, who have delivered over 36 weeks, either vaginal or cesarean, who have given birth within the last two years, as they navigate the physical and psychological challenges of preparing for the Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT), or who have already completed the ACFT. The theory that guided this study was hermeneutic phenomenology as it focused on understanding how the Army culture influenced postpartum recovery, with an emphasis on the P3T program. Twelve participants were recruited through social media and participated in virtual, semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed utilizing thematic analysis software, which resulted in four major themes: (1) gaps in postpartum healthcare and fitness transition, (2) the positive impact of extended parental leave, (3) variability in command and unit support, and (4) the compounded burden of childcare among dual military families. Results revealed a need for standardized postpartum fitness protocols, better access to physical therapy and childcare, and individualized recovery pathways. Overall, the findings provide evidence-based recommendations to enhance Army policies, while providing better support for postpartum soldiers’ readiness.