REVISITING THEORIES AND BUILDING A NEW RESEARCH AGENDA FOR EXPLAINING RADICALIZATION

Over recent decades, radicalization, particularly when it leads to violence, has become a critical focus for national and international security agendas and research fields. This article revisits foundational social, psychological, socio-psychological, and psychiatric theories of radicalization, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of their development and current relevance. Although numerous theories emerged prior to pivotal events such as the September 11, 2001 attacks, this study demonstrates how these perspectives have evolved to address both individual and group-level processes. The discussion synthesizes key aspects of radicalization dynamics, including personal identity crises, psychological vulnerability, group dynamics, and societal influences, highlighting the role of modern digital networks in fostering extremist ideologies. The article concludes with recommendations for refining theoretical approaches and expanding research to encompass emerging influences, such as online communities and familial factors, in the radicalization process.