Optimización de Formulaciones Farmacéuticas Complejas Mediante Programación por Metas Lexicográficas: Un Caso de Estudio en Liposomas Ultradeformables

Introduction: Optimizing pharmaceutical formulations requires advanced approaches to ensure quality, safety, and efficacy. While the desirability function and Weighted Goal Programming balance multiple responses, they lack hierarchical prioritization. Lexicographic Goal Programming overcomes this limitation by optimizing objectives sequentially. This study introduces this tool as an innovative approach for optimizing ultradeformable nanoliposomes. Method: The study follows six structured steps, including identifying key factors, developing a Design of Experiments, defining aspiration levels, assigning priorities, and sequential optimization. It focuses on critical parameters such as vesicle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency, ensuring a comprehensive hierarchical approach. Results: Lexicographic Goal Programming prioritized zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency first, followed by vesicle size and lower-priority responses. It preserved critical attributes without compromise, efficiently minimizing deviations for both maximization and minimization objectives. Conclusions: Lexicographic Goal Programming provides a robust hierarchical framework for optimization in the pharmaceutical field, effectively managing trade-offs. Ensuring key objectives are met first, it aligns with Quality-by-Design principles. This method is particularly advantageous for complex formulations, such as liposomal drug delivery systems, requiring precise control over vesicle stability, size, and drug encapsulation.