Online Learning and Private Christian Hispanic Serving Institutions: A Narrative Review of the Literature

This narrative literature review explores the intersection of Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs), online education, and the role of private Christian universities in addressing educational disparities for Hispanic students. It synthesizes existing research on the challenges Hispanic students face in higher education, including financial barriers, limited digital access, underutilization of student support services, and institutional identity issues. Drawing on social capital theory and student engagement theory, this review highlights how HSIs, particularly private Christian institutions, can develop culturally responsive initiatives and leverage federal Title V funding to support Hispanic learners. The paper also examines emerging efforts such as the “Seal of Excelencia” as a commitment to intentional servings. The findings underscore the need for equity-driven practices and targeted policy reform to improve access, engagement, and degree completion among Hispanic students in online and faith-based educational environments.