Optimizing struvite recovery using electromagnetic field (EMF) for improved nucleation and crystal growth

Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) recovery offers a sustainable approach to nutrient reclamation from wastewater, yet optimizing crystal growth and nucleation remains underexplored. This study investigates the use of electric signals to enhance ion mobility and reaction kinetics for improved struvite precipitation by modifying wastewater properties like pH and temperature. To optimize nucleation kinetics and crystal growth, we proposed integrating a multiphysics mechanistic model to quantify the total effect of the induced electromagnetic field. The results indicate that EMF enhances rapid nucleation, recovering over 80% of phosphorus and potentially accelerating nutrient recovery. This contributes to more sustainable wastewater treatment under dynamic environmental conditions.