İSTANBUL ORMAN BÖLGE MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ'NDE ORMAN ALANLARININ İZLENMESİNDE YENİ YAKLAŞIM: U-NET DERİN ÖĞRENME YÖNTEMİNİN ENTEGRASYONU

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of land use and land cover change within the Istanbul Regional Directorate of Forestry (RDF) utilizing semantic segmentation referred to as pixel-based classification. Focusing particularly on forest land dynamics, Sentinel-2 satellite imagery spanning five years from 2019 to 2023 was processed using a U-Net architecture. The study area encompasses diverse forest ecosystems, urban/built-up areas, water bodies, rangelands, wetlands, and agricultural lands. Through the application of advanced remote sensing techniques, significant changes in forest and rangeland were identified and quantified, 15.250 and 13.226 hectares of area decreased in five years, shedding light on the drivers and implications of land use transformations in this critical region. Controversially, built area and agricultural lands were increased by 13.878 and 15.953 hectares over 5 years. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of forest dynamics and inform sustainable management strategies for preserving the ecological integrity and socio-economic value of forested landscapes within the Istanbul RDF. Additionally, the results reveal the average F-1 Score for each land cover class is approximately 90% for each year, with forested areas achieving an average F-1 score of about 92%, demonstrating the robustness and accuracy of the classification approach.