Exploring the forms of Human and AI collaboration in organizations

Technological advances have expanded the collaboration between humans and artificial intelligence (AI) in the workplace, driven by the use of large data sets that enable more accurate analysis and predictions. In this study, we categorize four forms of human-AI collaboration: (1) conjoined agency with legacy mode, (2) conjoined agency with compliance mode, (3) conjoined agency with augmentation mode, and (4) conjoined agency with autonomous mode. We have developed a human-AI framework in which we discuss the most important characteristics. We then explain each one of the conjoined agency modes by reviewing the literature. In doing so, we discuss in detail the different ways in which organizations can select depending on the type(s) of conjoined agency they use in their organizational decision-making.