Examination of the Tribological Mechanism of Various Ceramic Nanoparticles in an Oil-Based C60 Fullerene Solution

This study aims to evaluate the tribological mechanisms of CuO, SiO2, and Y2O3 ceramic nanoparticles in an oil-based C60 fullerene solution using experimental tribotests. The goal is to investigate the impact of these nanoparticles on friction and wear, offering insights into their potential for enhancing lubrication efficiency in automotive applications. Nanoparticles were homogenized using ethyl oleate surface modification. Testing involved a simplified ball-on-disc specimen in a linear oscillating configuration. Results show that the nanoparticles reduce dynamic friction by up to 10 % and static friction by 6 %. They reduce wear on test specimens by 45–81 %. CuO and SiO2 components are typically used for harder specimens, and Y2O3 nanoparticles for softer ones. Scanning electron microscopy identifies characteristic wear mechanisms, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy determines nanoparticle distribution on worn surfaces. The potential of nanoparticle additives in enhancing automotive lubrication and reducing friction and wear is highlighted, contributing to the industry's pursuit of efficiency and environmental sustainability.