Dos siglos de protección de la propiedad industrial en España: implicaciones para la investigación científica, social y en las artes y humanidades

This article explores the creation and historical evolution of the Spanish IPR registry—institutionalized through the Real Conservatorio de Artes y Oficios in 1824—and analyzes its academic implications. The documentation accumulated over two centuries served as the foundational material for constructing intricate databases on patents, trademarks, and other IPR modalities. These datasets are continually enhanced using new scaling techniques that combine artificial and natural intelligence. This favors the opening of challenging research lines and the adoption of novel methodologies—network theory, geographic models, advanced econometrics, survival functions, etc.—for analyzing long-tail data. The increasingly formalized results not only shed light on the origins of existing challenges within innovation systems but also carry implications for economic policy. Moreover, they foster interdisciplinary collaboration across scientific, social, and art and humanities domains