Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of an Isolated HybridPower System Designed for Urban Areas in Pakistan

This paper presents the dynamic modeling and simulation of an isolated hybrid energy system for a residential neighborhood in Karachi, Pakistan. The proposed system is a hybrid solar-battery energy setup integrated with a shared neighborhood diesel generator. The case study models a house with a daily energy demand of 15 kWh, using HOMER Pro and MATLAB/Simulink to assess dynamic performance under different resistive and inductive load modeling, reflecting the actual load of the house, and varying irradiance levels during different weather conditions. The system includes a 7.61 kW PV array, a 12-battery bank (140 Ah, 48V), an MPPT controller, a DC-DC buck converter, and a shared diesel generator limited to 2 kW per house, converting 48V DC to 220V AC via a DC-AC inverter and step-up transformer. Simulation results show stable power output, effective load response, and quick recovery from voltage transients. The shared diesel generator reduces battery requirements, cutting capital and operational costs. This study highlights scalable hybrid systems as cost-effective, sustainable solutions for urban and rural areas, reducing fossil fuel dependency and enhancing energy resilience in Pakistan.