The Difference of Gingival Inflammation, Oral Hygiene, and Periodontal Treatment Needs Between Metabolic Syndrome and Nonmetabolic Syndrome in Periodontitis Patients

Introduction: This research aimed to determine the difference of gingival index, papillary bleeding index, oral hygiene, and periodontal treatment needs between periodontitis patients with and without MetS. Study Design: Analytic observational study using cross-sectional research design Place and Duration of Study: Dental and Oral Hospital Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia from November 2023 to January 2024. Materials and Methods: This study involved ninety participants who were diagnosed with periodontitis. The determination of MetS patients and nonmetabolic syndrome (NMetS) patients was performed by examining blood pressure, blood glucose levels, body weight, height, and abdominal circumference. Oral examination was performed by measuring gingival index (GI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), oral hygiene index (OHI), and community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). The data was analyzed using descriptive and parametric statistical tests with p<0.050 was considered significant. Results: There was no significant difference in gingival inflammation as evaluated by GI (p=0.592) and PBI (p=0.216) between MetS patients and NmetS patients. There was a significant difference in oral hygiene examination as evaluated by OHI (p= 0.005) between MetS patients and NmetS patients. There was a significant difference in the examination of treatment needs as measured by the CPITN (p=0.023) between MetS patients and NmetS patients. Conclusions: The gingival inflammation in periodontitis patients with MetS is more severe than the NMetS patients. The oral hygiene in periodontitis patients with MetS is worse than the NMetS patients. The patients with MetS have higher periodontal treatment needs than NMetS patients.