Comparative Study of Coronary Heart Disease Incidence in Smokers vs. Non Smokers: A Longitudinal Cohort Analysis from the Framingham Heart Study

Objective: To evaluate the association between smoking and coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence while adjusting for potential confounding factors, including age, education level, systolic blood pressure, BMI, serum cholesterol, and diabetes, using data from the Framingham Heart Study. Methods: A cohort of 4,434 participants aged 32–70 years, free of CHD at baseline, was analyzed. Smoking status (current vs. non-current smokers) was the primary exposure, and CHD incidence was the outcome. Adjustments were made for confounders using multivariable logistic regression models. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: CHD was diagnosed in 27.96% of participants. After adjustment, smoking was significantly associated with 40% increased odds of CHD (aOR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.211.62, p< 0.0001). Other significant predictors included age, BMI, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, diabetes, and education level (p< 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, we observed a significant association between smoking and CHD, emphasizing the need for targeted public health interventions to reduce smoking and reduce CHD risk.