Carbon quantum dot-based sensing of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in drinking water

Developing a low-cost, highly sensitive sensor for detection of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds in drinking water is crucial. Conventional methods like LC-MS/MS are precise but expensive and confined to laboratory use. Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) offer a selective, fluorescent alternative. These N-CDs emit strong green fluorescence 490 nm when excited at 365 nm. Interaction with PFOA increases size, decreases zeta potential, and enhances fluorescence due to electrostatic aggregation. At pH 4, prolonged exposure further amplifies aggregation. This response enables efficient perfluorooctanoic acid detection. This study explores the interaction mechanism between PFOA and N-CDS to improve the selectivity and sensitivity.