Bacterial flora of the eyelids and conjunctiva in the development of inflammatory pathology in the anterior part of the eye

E.A. Kleshcheva^1,2, G.M. Chernakova², N.V. Melnikova^1,2, A.E. Kleshchev¹ ¹Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation ²S.P. Botkin Moscow Multidisciplinary Scientific and Clinical Center, Moscow, Russian Federation The article explores the role concerning the normal microflora of the conjunctiva and eyelids in the pathogenesis of bacterial inflammation in the anterior eye segment. The normal microflora plays a crucial protective role by preventing colonization by pathogenic microorganisms and helping to maintain ocular homeostasis. However, disruptions in the quantity or composition of this microflora can contribute to the development of various conditions, including conjunctivitis, keratitis, and blepharitis. The article highlights that in autochthonous microorganisms — those naturally present in the ocular microflora, such as staphylococci and streptococci — are commonly implicated not only in infections of the anterior segment but also in severe postoperative complications that can threaten a patient's vision. Surgical trauma or other disruptions of the anatomical integrity of the ocular membranes can facilitate the penetration of microorganisms fr om the eyelids or conjunctiva into the eye's internal structures. Key issues surrounding the preoperative preparation of ophthalmic patients are discussed, with a particular focus on the importance of microbial management. The article also examines the role of netilmicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, in both treating bacterial eye infections and preoperative preparation. Netilmicin's benefits over other antibiotics are highlighted, especially its low cytotoxicity to the corneal epithelium and conjunctiva. The antibiotic demonstrates broad-spectrum efficacy against gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, including those commonly found in the conjunctival sac and on the eyelids. In conclusion, the article underscores the potential of netilmicin as a valuable option for empirical therapy in ocular infections. Its efficacy, safety, and broad-spectrum activity make it well-suited for cases wh ere a powerful and non-toxic antibiotic is required. <b>Keywords</b>: conjunctival microflora, eyelid microflora, bacterial infection, conjunctivitis, endophthalmitis, antibiotics, netilmicin. <b>For citation:</b> Kleshcheva E.A., Chernakova G.M., Melnikova N.V., Kleshchev A.E. Bacterial flora of the eyelids and conjunctiva in the development of inflammatory pathology in the anterior part of the eye. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2024;24(4):211–216 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2024-24-4-8 <br>