ТЕПЛОВИЙ РЕЖИМ ТЕРИТОРІЇ ВНУТРІШНЬОГО ДВОРУ СЕКЦІЙНОГО ЖИТЛОВОГО БУДИНКУ В ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ВІД ЙОГО ОРІЄНТАЦІЇ

As average annual temperatures rise, residents of urban areas face the problem of significant heating of urban surfaces exposed to direct solar radiation. This process has a direct impact on the microclimate of both the entire urban area and individual adjacent territories. Shading of surfaces plays an important role in the thermoregulation of the living environment, which is confirmed by numerous studies on this topic. The introduction of natural methods to reduce the temperature regime is becoming relevant in terms of reducing heat stress and overall energy savings. In this paper, using the example of a sectional residential building of a U-shaped configuration with nine floors, we study the dependence of the percentage of shading and the amount of direct solar radiation entering the courtyard on its orientation to the cardinal points. The calculation was performed for a clear day on July 21, when the average monthly temperature was 24.6 °C according to the Boris Sreznevsky Central Geophysical Observatory. The calculation excluded the influence of surrounding buildings and green spaces. The amount of direct solar radiation per square meter of surface was calculated using the specialized Townscope program. Based on the results obtained, graphs of the total amount of direct solar radiation on the surface during the calculated period from 6:00 to 18:00 for different orientations of the courtyard space were built. The percentage of shading of the total area of the design surfaces was also calculated. Summary data tables were created for each design surface. The final results are of a recommendatory nature for design organizations in determining the optimal planning solution at the pre-design stage. Such an environmentally friendly approach, which is the basis of design work, can improve living conditions in urban settlements, reduce the negative impact on the environment, and make cities more resilient to climate change.