Безконтактне вимірювання електричних параметрів сонячних елементів

The oscillographic method of measuring the electrical parameters of solar elements and panels allows getting the result of the measurement signal in a circle directly on the screen in the form of waveforms in real time. The oscilloscope, together with the antenna sensor, is the main means of non-contact measurement of the electrical parameters of solar elements. The measuring variable signal is introduced directly through the terminals of the solar panel from the functional generator, which makes it possible to carry out the measurement process during its operation. The purpose of such measurements can be to monitor the state of the solar panel, as well as to identify defects at an early stage and predict their degradation. Getting predictive information about the state of the solar panel allows planning its entire life cycle and decommission it in time. The non-contact measurement method based on an oscilloscope has two types: with an antenna sensor without signal conversion and with an active antenna. In low signal mode, the solar panel can be represented as a series circuit of links, each of which has a parallel connection of capacitance and active resistance. The use of a small signal, the amplitude of which does not exceed the opening voltage of solar elements (diodes) and is practically limited to ±15 V. This allows using a low-power function generator in pulsed or sinusoidal voltage mode for measurements without additional signal amplification. The operating frequency range for measurements varies with several hundred hertz to ten kilohertz. The antenna method is derived from the electrostatic voltmeter method, which is widely used in high-voltage measurements. Here, the non-contact principle protects the researcher from the danger of electrical breakdown and damage to his body. In the solar energy sector, the contactless method as a type of non-destructive testing aims to conduct research of an object without decommissioning it. Experimental studies of the non-contact method provided determination of the optimal parameters of the measuring signal: frequency 1500 Hz, amplitude 3 V. Modeling of the measurement scheme in a Multisim environment showed that the results coincided with experimental data with a tolerance of ±15 %.