When Care Becomes Abuse: A Forensic–Medical Perspective on Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy

Abstract: Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSBP) is recognized as a form of child abuse in which a caregiver induces or fabricates illnesses in their child to gain medical and social attention. MSBP represents one of the most complex and insidious forms of child abuse, characterized by an ambiguous clinical presentation that poses significant challenges for physicians, psychiatrists, and social workers. However, this condition raises critical ques- tions regarding its diagnosis, management, and forensic implications. Traditionally, MSBP has been framed as an individual pathological manifestation of the mother, overlooking the role of the healthcare and legal systems in its identification and management. In this article, we propose a critical reflection on MSBP, emphasizing how the issue is not merely a “parental failure” but rather a systemic failure of healthcare, social, and judicial institutions in recognizing, preventing, and effectively managing such cases.