Translation and adaptation of the satisfaction with amplification in daily life (SADL) questionnaire into Malay

Background: Most questionnaires designed to assess satisfaction with hearing aid (HA) and its amplification are available in English, primarily benefiting English-speaking users. This can create challenges when distributed to non-English-speaking HA users, as language barriers and culturally inappropriate items may lead to inaccurate reflections of their satisfaction levels. In response, this paper aims to translate and validate the Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life (SADL) questionnaire into Standard Malay to better capture the experiences of Malaysian HA users, who predominantly speak Malay. Methods: To achieve these aims, the original SADL questionnaire (Cox & Alexander, 1999) was translated and validated through a multi-stage process to ensure cultural relevance and linguistic appropriateness for Malay-speaking participants. The translated questionnaire then underwent content and face validation. Results: During translation, several linguistic modifications were made to adjust morphology and syntax for Malay. After content validation, additional revisions were implemented to enhance comprehension for the Malayspeaking population. Conclusion: The Malay-translated SADL questionnaire has been meticulously translated and validated, however, further studies involving hearing aid users are encouraged to enhance its test-retest reliability and validity.