TRENDS AND RESERVES OF LIFE EXPECTANCY OF THE POPULATION IN THE OMSK REGION

The research aim was to study the impact of the change in mortality in individual age groups and from leading causes of death on the dynamics of life expectancy, as well as the elimination reserves of life expectancy of the population of the Omsk region. Materials and methods. The life expectancy indicator was calculated using an indirect (demographic) method based on summary mortality tables. The contribution of the change in mortality in individual age groups and from leading causes of death to the dynamics of life expectancy of the population of the Omsk region, to the differences in the indicator in the Omsk region and the Russian Federation, as well as elimination reserves were calculated by means of the component method. Mortality tables and subsequent calculations were based on mortality rates by sex, five-year age groups and causes of death from the Russian Fertility and Mortality Database. Results. Before 2005, in the Omsk region, the main contribution (up to 70 %) to the dynamics of life expectancy for men was made by the changes in mortality at the age of 30-59 years, for women - 45-74 years, after which the influence of the changes in mortality at ages older than the employable age increased. Before 2019, changes in mortality from diseases of the circulatory system and external causes were crucial. In 2019-2021, the main losses in life expectancy (2.59 years for men and 3.80 years for women) were associated with mortality from COVID-19, more than 40 % of which were concentrated at the age of 60-74 years. There was also an increase in mortality from diseases of the circulatory system, respiratory diseases, diseases of the digestive system, and external causes. Elimination of mortality from the leading causes could increase the life expectancy of men by 10.67 years, women – by 7.23 years, 58.2 % and 41.6 % respectively, were concentrated in the employable age. Conclusion. The results obtained can be used in planning the activities of healthcare services and institutions, and in drawing up federal and regional socio-demographic programs, in which special attention should be paid to the territories in the East of the country, including the Omsk region.