Roots of Turmoil: Exploring the Causes behind Fano Force's Struggle against Abiy Ahmed's Administration

The struggle between Abiy's administration and the Fano had led to other-round chaos and violence in the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia, after the conflict between the Tigray People Liberation Front’s (TPLF) and the federal government of Ethiopia took place from 2020 to 2022. In regard to this, the researcher explored the causes that resulted in Fano's struggle with Abiy Ahmed's administration. The research design was an exploratory case study. Document review, audio-visual sources, and a semi-structured interview were employed to look into the reasons for Fano Force's conflict with Abiy’s administration. The Oromo nationalist movement attacks on Amhara, the TPLF, the continued legacy of the TPLF's manifesto, the 1995 Ethiopian constitution, the plight of the Amhara ethnic group since 1991, the 2022 Treaty of Pretoria, and Abiy Ahmed’s attempt to disband Amhara regional forces were some of the factors that led to the Fano Force armed struggling. Based on these findings, the researcher suggested that before the political apparatus, economy, and humanitarian security of Ethiopia are at risk and affect East Africa, Africa Union and United Nations need to be part of the solution and provide assistance in establishing a transnational government and transnational justice.