Regional Integration and Social Cohesion in Africa: The Roles of Multilevel Development Initiatives

Abstract This study examines the interplay between regional integration and social cohesion in Africa, highlighting the roles of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), specifically the African Union (AU) and the United Nations (UN). Using the New Regionalism Approach (NRA) as a theoretical framework, the paper explores how the AU and UN, through initiatives like Agenda 2063 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) respectively, seek to address Africa’s development challenges. However, the analysis underscores that structural barriers rooted in colonial fragmentation, socio-economic inequalities, and governance deficits continue to impede progress. By juxtaposing case studies from various African countries, the research demonstrates how sub-regional and domestic social cohesion initiatives influence regional integration outcomes, revealing both the successes and limitations of IGO-led efforts. Findings suggest that while IGOs are critical facilitators of regional integration and social cohesion, their impact is contingent upon strong domestic policies that prioritize equitable resource distribution, institutional capacity building, and inclusive governance. Ultimately, this study underscores the importance of aligning IGO initiatives with sub-regional and domestic efforts to address Africa's historical and structural challenges, creating a sustainable foundation for regional integration and social cohesion. Key Terms: Regional Integration, Social Cohesion, Development, and Africa