Melodies of Memory: Exploring the Impact of Music on Gamma and Theta Coupling in Adults

Music therapy has gained recognition for its potential to improve emotional and cognitive outcomes, particularly in individuals with dementia. However, the specific mechanisms by which different types of music (e.g., rhythmic versus non-rhythmic) affect brain wave synchronization and cognitive function remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the differential effects of rhythmic and non-rhythmic music on brain wave activity (specifically theta and gamma waves) and cognitive performance (including memory, attention, and focus) in young students. Using a within-subject design, participants were exposed to three conditions: rhythmic music, non-rhythmic music, and no auditory stimuli (baseline). EEG was used to measure changes in theta and gamma wave synchronization, while perceived emotions were assessed through the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The primary hypothesis was that rhythmic music would significantly enhance theta and gamma amplitude, as well as theta–gamma phase–amplitude coupling, in association with improvements in cognitive task performance, whereas non-rhythmic music would have a milder effect. This research aimed to provide a deeper understanding of the role of rhythmic entrainment in brain wave modulation and its potential applications in cognitive enhancement and emotional regulation. The findings could inform music therapy interventions in both clinical and educational settings, offering insights into how music may be used to optimize cognitive function and emotional well-being.