Enhanced Antimicrobial Properties of Polymeric Denture Materials Modified with Zein-Coated Inorganic Nanoparticles

Ghada H Naguib,1,2 Gamal S Abd El-Aziz,3 Abdulghani Mira,1 Rayyan A Kayal,4 Lulwa Al-Turki,5 Hisham Mously,5 Abeer Alnowaiser,6 Jumana Mazhar,7 Mohamed T Hamed5,8 1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Oral Biology, Cairo University School of Dentistry, Cairo, Egypt; 3Department of Clinical Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; ‬6Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 7King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 8Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Cairo University School of Dentistry, Cairo, EgyptCorrespondence: Ghada H Naguib, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966558190589, Email [email protected]: Polymeric denture materials can be susceptible to colonization by oral microorganisms. Zein-coated magnesium oxide nanoparticles (zMgO NPs) demonstrate antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect and adherence of different oral microorganisms on hybrid polymeric denture materials incorporated with zMgO NPs.Methods: Five types of polymeric denture materials were used. A total of 480 disc-shaped specimens were divided by material type (n=96/grp), then subdivided by zMgO NPs concentration: control with no nanoparticles and other groups with zMgO NPs concentrations of 0.3%, 0.5% and 1% by weight. Characterization of the polymeric denture materials incorporating zMgO NPs was done, and the antimicrobial activity of all groups was tested against four types of microorganisms: 1) Streptococcus mutans, 2) Staphylococcus aureus, 3) Enterococcus faecalis and 4) Candida albicans. The samples underwent an adherence test and an agar diffusion test. Experiments were done in triplicates.Results: The characterization of the hybrid samples revealed variation in the molecular composition, as well as a uniform distribution of the zMgO NPs in the polymeric denture materials. All hybrid polymeric denture materials groups induced a statistically significant antimicrobial activity, while the control groups showed the least antimicrobial activity. The agar diffusion test revealed no release of the zMgO NPs from the hybrid samples, indicating the NPs did not seep out of the matrix.Conclusion: The zMgO NPs were effective in reducing the adherence of the tested microorganisms and enhancing the antimicrobial activity of the polymeric denture materials. This antimicrobial effect with the polymeric dentures could aid in resisting microbial issues such as denture stomatitis.Keywords: antimicrobial, nanoparticles, denture, magnesium oxide, biomaterial